Beginners guide to copper

The latest edition of our beginner’s guide is all about copper. Here, we delve into the key characteristics and diverse applications of this versatile material

Copper is one of the oldest metals used by humans and is a foundational element in our technological and industrial development. A soft, malleable and ductile metal, copper has very high thermal and electrical conductivity and is a component of many metal alloys.

ES-computer-cooling-system — *Custom external computer water-cooling system built by Edcon Steel customer Matthew Pearson.*

Characteristics of copper

Electrical conductivity

Copper is famous for its exceptional electrical conductivity, which makes it the metal of choice for electrical wiring and components. More than half of copper production worldwide is used in electrical applications. Copper’s ability to efficiently carry electrical current with minimal resistance helps prevent energy loss and ensures reliable power transmission. This is why copper is found in everything from household wiring and power lines to complex electronic devices like smartphones and computers.

Thermal conductivity

Copper also has exceptional thermal conductivity, which means it can transfer heat quickly and efficiently. Ideal for use in heat exchangers, radiators, and cooling systems, copper is commonly used in air conditioning units, refrigeration systems, and car radiators. Its ability to dissipate heat also makes it a key material in electronics, where it helps prevent overheating of sensitive components like microchips. This custom external computer water-cooling system built by Edcon Steel customer Matthew Pearson is a perfect example of copper’s usefulness in electronics.

ES-copper-sake-set — *Edcon customer, Jonathon Zalakos, used copper for this very reason when creating his exquisite copper sake set.*

Malleability and Ductility

Highly malleable and ductile, copper can be easily shaped, bent, and stretched without breaking. This makes it a useful material in manufacturing, as it can be formed into a variety of shapes, from thin wires to complex tubing. Copper’s malleability allows it to be hammered into thin sheets, while its ductility means it can be drawn into fine wires, which is especially useful in electrical and telecommunications industries. Edcon customer, Jonathon Zalakos, used copper for this very reason when creating his exquisite copper sake set.

Corrosion Resistance

One of copper’s most valuable characteristics is its natural resistance to corrosion. When exposed to the elements, copper forms a protective layer of copper oxide that prevents further degradation. Over time, this layer turns green (a patina), which not only adds to its aesthetic appeal but also enhances its durability in outdoor and marine environments. This corrosion resistance makes copper an ideal material for plumbing, roofing, and outdoor sculptures, where exposure to moisture and air is inevitable.

Aesthetic Appeal

Copper is famous for its distinctive reddish-brown colour. Over time, as copper reacts with the environment, it develops a greenish patina (copper oxide), which not only protects the metal from further corrosion but also adds to its aesthetic value. This colour change is especially noticeable in architectural applications, where copper roofing and cladding can develop a unique greenish tint that enhances the visual appeal of buildings. Its lustrous, metallic sheen is also valued in jewellery and decorative items.

Strength and Durability

While copper is relatively soft compared to other metals, it is still strong enough for many applications, especially when alloyed with other metals. Its strength is further enhanced when used in combination with materials like zinc (in brass) or tin (in bronze). This makes copper and its alloys ideal for use in machinery, automotive components, and structural materials. Additionally, copper’s inherent corrosion resistance contributes to its long lifespan and reliability in harsh environments, such as marine or industrial settings.

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Copper applications

Copper is widely used in various industries for its sought-after characteristics and aesthetic appeal.

Technology

Electrical wiring: Power cables and distribution lines, electrical circuits and components
Telecommunications and networking cables
Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations
Electronics: microchips and semiconductors, heat sinks and cooling systems
Connectors, switches, and other electronic components

Plumbing and water systems

Water supply pipes and fixtures
Natural gas lines
Heating systems (radiators, underfloor heating)
Water treatment and filtration systems

Construction and architecture

Roofing and cladding
Gutters and downspouts
Decorative architectural features (e.g., facades, sculptures)
Historical preservation (e.g., restoring old buildings)

Industrial machinery and equipment

Bearings, gears, and valves
Pumps and compressors
Heat exchangers and cooling systems
Chemical processing and industrial equipment

Jewellery and decorative items

Jewellery and ornaments
Sculptures and decorative art
Medals and trophies

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You can visit our stores to browse the range or pick up an online order. Our staff are on hand to answer any questions you have about our full range of products and services, so feel free to contact us for your steel or metal solution today.